Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Short Story - 1544 Words

One day in a college water pipe there was a peanut named peter, this peanut was special, he lived in a Skippy brand peanut butter jar in a city named Aquaville. One day he met a donut named Dylan. Peter met Dylan when he was walking down to the local coffee shop. That day was not normal in his usual seat was sitting a donut. As Peter looked around at him the donut turned and glanced at him and he said hi and ever since that day they were good friends. After about a year of working at the local grocery store he discovered something very wrong with the city. In his daily walk down to the gym, he saw a sewer hatch open and he couldn’t resist but to explore. He loved to explore he climbed down the ladder and walked a ways down when he saw the†¦show more content†¦And the next minute came on the news from the sheriff that they had it under control, but deep inside they knew that it wasn’t fine. So next day at work he was a little more aware of his surroundings and w hat happened which led to him at his home starting to prepare for the worst of the worst to happen. So after another week or two he and Dylan began to plan to try and fix this problem so as they worked for about 4 days couldn’t find a solution, but to wait for it to come be set off and for the city to be destroyed and as that evening he began to cry and began to wonder what would become of him when his city and home are destroyed. After the next few days he and the police department were planning when to order a mass evacuation. And as the day was more crime was being committed and they were getting away and peter was trying to figure out why but he couldn’t understand why the crime rate went up high as the day come down to the evacuation and his pet Cedric got sick and was trying to tell him something but couldn’t find out what. On a sunny Wednesday afternoon on the news came a warning of danger and the police ordered that everyone evacuate and that they werenà ¢â‚¬â„¢t panicked when  ¾ the peopleShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Monday, December 23, 2019

How Economics Changes Can Affect Families Lives - 1324 Words

How Economic Changes Can Affect Families Life Williams Quiroga COMM/215 Essentials of College Writing April 18, 2011 April Adams Abstract People around the country are living in a very hard economic crisis that they have experienced since 2008. This difficult situation has created circumstances that cause people to lose their jobs and companies taking the options of laying off employees, creating a big impact in many families around the country. This situation has not improved at all in the last three years, which makes it very hard for anyone to find a job. The consequences for all these changes are affecting families’ lives in different ways emotionally, socially, and financially. According to the United States Department of†¦show more content†¦For these people it can be the end because how will people be able to manage chronic disease without money and lack of insurance. An estimated of 2.4 million workers have lost the health coverage their jobs provided since the start of the recession, based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Approximately, 1.3 million of thes e losses have occurred in the last four months (Nayla Kazzi, 2009, More Americans LoosingShow MoreRelatedPowerpoint. Slide 2:. What Is Socio-Economic Status (Ses)?.1543 Words   |  7 PagesSocio-economic status (SES)? Socio-economic status (SES) is an ‘economic and sociological measure of an individual’s or family’s economic and social position in relation to others’ (Stevenson Lindberg, 2010). The Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) is divided into five quintiles ranked by an individual or groups socio-economic status starting from most disadvantaged (lowest quintile) to least disadvantaged (highest quintile). The SEIFA is important in understanding socio-economic statusRead MoreHow Does Divorce Affect Children?1693 Words   |  7 PagesHow does divorce affect children? Married couples represent fifty one percent of Americans, many of which end in divorce spawning over eleven million single parent families. According to the American Psychological Association forty to fifty percent of marriages in the United States will end in divorce. This marriage dissolution rate results in fifty percent of our children witnessing the divorce of their parents, forty percent of which are being raised without fathers in the home. Divorce and singleRead MoreWhat Is Family? How Does It Affect Society?1168 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is family? Better yet, how does it affect society? Think about if you asked a random group of people what family means to them. It is likely that their responses would all differentiate somehow. The concept of what a family is has evolved into various forms, and is continuing to change each day. The nuclear family, which Essentials of Sociology claims to consist of an adult or adult couple and their dependent children, is no longer the nor m of our country. Rather, the growing acceptanceRead MoreFactors That Influence Food Habits and Culture Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesFactors that influence food habits and culture How do you choose your food? This is a very simple question for most people,but we may get a hundred of different answers. Therefore,What factors actually influence our food habit and culture ? During the long history of human, food habits and culture are influenced by many factors. I want to discuss how food habits and culture influenced by geographical factors, religions factors,social factors and economic factors. First of all, climate is a very importantRead MoreSocial Stratification And Social Class1468 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact their health, family life, education, political participation, and experience with the criminal justice system. A society organized according to social class, it may or may not allow social mobility which explains why and how social classes can affect a person’s life and choices in various ways. Every human is born into a social and cultural setting that incorporates family, communities, social class languages, and other factors. The way we respond to these influences can always vary and isRead More Indonesian Demographic Transition Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesof population control programs on demographic change were not instant, and it takes long serious effort to encourage the improvement of economic development in a country. According to Paul J. Gertler (1994, p. 33), â€Å"Population control is a key element in a country’s ability to maintain and improve its economic and social welfare†. Furthermore, this paper intends to explain why the change of population structure has an effect on the society’s economic condition in Indonesia with examining the demographicRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The Family System986 Words   |  4 Pagesphysically, psychologically and socially affects women, men and their families. In addition, the abuse usually is an attempt by one partner to exert control through pressure, fear, verbal abuse or threats of violence. Therefore, the family system concepts theory â€Å"understanding the significance of the environmental context of the family system is the key to assessing family process and outcomes† Thomlison, 2010, p. 45). The family system â€Å"concept 1 theory is the family as a system is greater than the sumRead MoreSocial Disparities Within A Family Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pageswithin a family can affect the way a family functions along with affecting the individual. The affect on the children within the at-risk families can have a detrimental effect on their current health status as well as their future. This paper will discuss the characteristics in the creation of social disparity, the relationship of theories to individuals and families experiencing social disparity, the theory which best applies, a plan to combat social disparities in family health, how the i nterventionsRead MoreSocial Ecological Perspective Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pageswidely used to formulate practice guidelines and government policies when planning service needs for children, young people and their families. This essay will discuss what a social ecological perspective consists of, what limitations it may incur and how it can assist us in developing best practice and understanding when working with children, young people and families. It will draw on examples from K218 for illustrative purposes. Social ecological perspectives are often described as a web of relationshipsRead MoreValue And Its Influence On People s Living1533 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Money is very important to daily life. It is money that enable people to live a life they want to live and fulfill the value of life, such as happiness, health , love, and making difference. On the other hand, values determine every life decision that people makes (Determine the true purpose of money in your life, 2016). Value is the monetary worth of something, which has great influence on indivudual’s behavior and attitude. When a purchase decision is made, it involves a value

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Emerging Markets in International Business Free Essays

[pic] Introduction: The buzz words in the international trade are India and China. They jointly account for 2. 4 billion people in the world i. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Markets in International Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. about 40% of the world’s population, and an estimated future GDP growth of 8-10%. Modern economists believe that the future of international trade lies in the economies of emerging markets like India, China, Iraq, Brazil, Africa etc. Economist Thomas L Friedman has rightly said that there are three technological events that have contributed to the growth of these economies- The Personal Computer, through which individuals could become authors of their own content in digital form. The Internet – that provides the convenience of sending information to any part of the world. Lastly Software Manufacturing – which has made everyone’s computer interoperable. Convergence of these technologies have made economies which were once underscored as â€Å"Third World Economies† as the emerging hubs for International Business. However these economies are faced with new challenges when competing globally, such as lack of infrastructure, quality in education and corporate governance. The challenges that showcase their weakness can be an investment opportunity, thus making them viable markets worth venturing into. Objective: Our study focuses on the significance and impact of new markets in international trade on countries, companies and also on individuals. This study will also aim at understanding the trade problems faced by them in this area and to propose ways and measures to tackle them. Methodology: Our methodology comprises of information search, observations, questionnaires and opinion interviews with industrial experts and faculties. Various statistical measures will also be used to analyse the data. Outcome of the research: Through this study, we intend to bring out the different roles of emerging markets in international trade. These measures are taken via questionnaires; opinion of industrial experts, faculties specialized in international business and pre dominantly from few exporters who focus on international trade. We believe that the outcome of this study will help the corporate and individuals to prepare themselves to overcome the problems they are facing in the emerging battlegrounds of international trade. INTRODUCTION: The term â€Å"emerging markets† is used to describe a nation’s social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The Center for Knowledge Societies defines Emerging Economies as those â€Å"regions of the world that are experiencing rapid informationalization under conditions of limited or partial industrialization. † Currently, there are approximately 28 emerging markets in the world, the largest being those of India and China. Examples of other emerging markets include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Russia, some Arab Gulf States and South Africa. The rapid integration into world markets by six of the largest non-OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) economies (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa, together known as the BRIICS) was an important component of globalisation during the past two decades. Economic incentives across world markets and in the BRIICS in particular, have been aligned more closely with countries’ and businesses’ genuine strengths. From the past few decades, all of the BRIICS have opened their economies significantly and improved their connectedness to world trade networks. The substantial reduction of trade barriers at the border can be seen, for example, in the decline of the average applied tariffs on non-agricultural products. However, the pace varied across these countries. Dispersion of tariffs also fell, contributing to a further reduction in economic distortion. However, in this study we focus on the emerging engines in the Asian Business – India and China, which together accounts for 2. 5 billion people, China and India are today the driving forces of growth in the midst of rapid economic transformation in the global economy. The Composite Leading Indicators (CLI) designed to provide early signals of turning points in business cycles, rose by 0. 4 point for India in April 2009, and 0. 9 for China. For much of human history, what China and India had in common was the fact that they were the richest nations on earth. Long before Europe emerged, China and India had higher standards of living and more numerous technical and scientific inventions. Yet starting in the early nineteenth century this began to dramatically change with both countries experiencing a long relative decline, eclipsed ultimately by Europe and North America. By mid twentieth century, both countries were relatively poor. The reversal of China’s fortunes began in 1978 when Deng Xiao Ping came to power and instituted market oriented economic policies and that of India began in the early 1990s when, in response to a financial crisis, the government reversed decades of socialistic policies and began a gradual path toward market orientation. Since those policy reversals, both countries have grown rapidly. For the first time since the early nineteenth century, they have expanded their share of global GDP. [pic] Figure 1: Global GDP share expressed as a percentage from 1600-2001 for the key players in global economy. Global investment firm, Moody’s say that driven by renewed growth in India and China, the world economy is beginning to recover from one of the worst economic downturns in decades. The Chinese GDP has risen by 7. 9 per cent while that of India has grown by 6. 1 per cent in the April-June 2009-10 periods. Moody’s has now revised India’s growth forecast to 6. 4 per cent for the current fiscal. FACTORS AFFECTING CHINA’S GROWTH: International trade makes up a sizeable portion of China’s overall economy. The course of China’s foreign trade has experienced considerable transformations since the early 1950s. In 1950 more than 70 percent of the total trade was with non-Communist countries, but by 1954, a year after the end of the Korean War, the situation was completely reversed, and trade with Communist countries stood at about 75 percent. POLITICAL REFORMS The Chinese Economy was on the forefront of economic greatness under the periods of Mao Zedong from 1949 – 1978 who introduced the â€Å"Great Leap Forward† under this economy, the country was a centrally planned economy. Though this idea of planned economy was inculcated in the economy, the intervention of state in agriculture led to massive corruption, ultimately leading to the deaths of millions of people due to starvation. Market Oriented Mixed Economy: This led to a period rule under Deng Xiaoping , who introduced the â€Å"market oriented mixed economy†-based on private property . Under this system China saw much growth in both national and international trade. Farmlands were privatized and agriculture was now a concern of both the state and the individual. A market economy is an economy based on the division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand. This is often contrasted with a planned economy, in which a central government determines the price of goods and services using a fixed price system. Market economies are also contrasted with mixed economy where the price system is not entirely free but under some government control or are heavily regulated and may sometimes be combined with state-led economic planning. SOCIAL REFORMS: Another area which is pivotal in the area of growth is the social and cultural condition which is important to enhance the growth. One Child Policy: This is a measure which was started in China to curb the population explosion in China. China’s one child family policy, which was first announced in 1979, has remained in place despite the extraordinary political and social changes that have occurred over the past two decades. It emerged from the belief that development would be compromised by rapid population growth and that the sheer size of China’s population together with its young age structure presented a unique challenge. Most population growth rate targets were abandoned in the early 1980s, and from 1985 the official goal was to keep the population at around 1. 2 billion by 2000. Protection for Private Property Rights: Prior to 1978, private ownership of property was not encouraged at any cost. However later the government started to proportionate and distribute private property. Harmonious Society: This is a socio-economic vision that is said to be the ultimate end result of Chinese leader Hu Jintao’s signature ideology of the Scientific Development Concept. It serves as the ultimate goal for the ruling Communist Party of China along with Xiaokang society, which aims for a â€Å"basically well-off† middle-class oriented society. First proposed by the Chinese government under the Hu-Wen Administration during the 2005 National People’s Congress, the idea changed China’s focus from economic growth to overall societal balance and harmony. Grasping the Large and Letting the Small Go Policy: These reforms (1996) included efforts to corporatize state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and to downsize the state sector. The â€Å"grasping the large† component indicated that policy-makers should focus on maintaining state control over the largest state-owned enterprises (which tended to be controlled by the central government). â€Å"Letting the small go† meant that the central government should relinquish control over smaller state-owned enterprises. Relinquishing control over these enterprises took a variety of forms: giving local governments authority to restructure the firms, privatizing them, or shutting them down. ECONOMIC REFORMS: One of the main factors which contributed to the economic growth of China was the Economic liberalization which was started in 1978. Its economy changed into a market oriented mixed economy. They implemented several instruments to increase their economic growth. Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s): China was the first country to introduce SEZ’s and they followed a western style of management which resulted in survival of best in the market. It is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country’s typical economic laws. The category ‘SEZ’ covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, Urban Enterprise Zones and others. Usually the goal of a structure is to increase foreign direct investment by foreign investors. Special Economic Zones were founded by the central government under Deng Xiaoping in the early 1980s. The most successful Special Economic Zone in China, Shenzhen, has developed from a small village into a city with a population over 10 million within 20 years. Five Year Plans: The economy was shaped by the Chinese Communist Party through the plenary sessions of the Central Committee and national congresses. The party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of Chinese communism, mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and launching reforms. Planning is a key characteristic of centralized, communist economies, and one plan established for the entire country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions. China is in its 11th Five year plan guideline (2006-2010) Private Ownership: With production being introduced in the agricultural sector, private ownership of production assets became legal, although many major non-agricultural and industrial facilities were still state-owned and centrally planned. The government also encouraged non-agricultural activities, such as village enterprises in rural areas, promoted more self-management for state-owned enterprises, increased competition in the marketplace and facilitated direct contact between Chinese and foreign trading enterprises. The development of the private sector was allowed and was permitted to compete with state firms in a number of service sectors, and increasingly in infrastructure operations, such as construction. Foreign direct Investment: China has principal attractions like low-cost labor and an enormous domestic market of more than 1. 2 billion consumers. The investment climate has been opened up gradually. In the 1980s, foreigners were restricted to export-oriented joint ventures with Chinese firms. In the early 1990s, they were allowed to manufacture goods for sale in the domestic Chinese market; and by the mid-1990s; the establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises was permitted. China’s accession to the WTO forces the government to open up the services sector. In 2004, China being one of the fastest-growing economies in the world attracted actual FDI of more than US$60. 6 billion, up 13 per cent from the previous year. As of 2009, China has around US$ 80 billion alone-the highest FDI in the world. Chinese economic stimulus plan: The stimulus package announced by the central government of the People’s Republic of China on 9 November 2008 was its biggest move to stop the global financial crisis from hitting the world’s third largest economy. The State Council had approved a plan to invest 4 trillion Yuan in infrastructure and social welfare by the end of 2010. The stimulus package will be invested in key areas such as housing, rural infrastructure, transportation, health and education, environment, industry, disaster rebuilding, income-building, tax cuts and finance. Export Driven Economy: China’s export was US $0. 30 trillion higher than its imports. The country mainly drives the economy through its exports. It also had a healthy Foreign Exchange Reserve of US $ 2. 1 trillion and is the 3rd largest GDP with $4. 4 trillion. Government Owned Banks: One of the reasons that China was able to drive its economy through exports was because of the efficient controlling of the money supply by the banks, even in the midst of recession. China has not let its banking system run roughshod over its productive economy. Chinese banks work for the people rather than the reverse. China hasn’t allowed its banking sector to become so powerful, so influential, and so large that it can call the shots or highjack the bailout. In simple terms, the government preferred to answer to its people and put their interests first before any vested interest or group. And that is why Chinese banks are lending to the people and their businesses in record numbers. The Chinese stimulus was large compared to the U. S. and has been much more effectively channeled into employment than that in the U. S. Manufacturing as a low-cost producer: China is well known for its low cost products. The production rates of electronics and other goods are the lowest in China when compared to other countries, which is mainly because of the low cost of production by the manufacturer. The methods used in production such as poke-yoke (error free) have helped them to attain low costs in production. Another reason for low cost production is the cheap labor available in China. Infrastructure: The infrastructure facilities provided by government to the companies contributed immensely to their growth. The period since 1978 saw rapid industrialization from 53% in 1981 to 8% in 2001. FACTORS AFFECTING INDIA’S GROWTH POLITICAL REFORMS: India celebrated 60 years of Independence on August 15, 2007. It is now the second fastest growing major economy, after China. It has also caught media attention because companies like Tata Steel acquired Corus; India is now the second largest investor by number of projects in London; and Mr. L. N. Mittal – an Indian – owns the largest steel company in the world. Visionary Leaders: It all began in 1947, the year of Independence, where India’s first prime minister Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru chose Democracy which was modeled on Westminster. The Soviet Union however presented an economic model that appealed in terms of growth. The Planned Economy: Self – sufficiency and fear of economic dependence on foreigners after two centuries of overseas rule shaped early thinking at Independence. Nehru modeled the economy on Soviet socialist lines of central control and state-run heavy-industry firms dominating the economy to avoid reliance on the West. The License Raj: During the 1950-1990, in order to promote self sufficiency policies of high import tariffs and duties, controls on production through licenses, public sector monopolies and isolating India to the outside world were followed. The unintended results were a shackled economy. Poor economic growth resulted due to the economy stifled by licensing, socialist red tape, excessive bureaucracy and regulation (â€Å"the License Raj†). Many state run monopolies were run by bureaucrats with little commercial experience. Corruption was nurtured. Private industry was starved of badly needed funds that went to state-run firms, often loss makers. The result was the poor allocation of scarce resources to unproductive channels. Competition was curbed and consumers fared badly. Balance of Payments crisis in 1991: Crisis in 1991 pushed the country to near bankruptcy. In return for an IMF bailout, gold was transferred to London as collateral, the Rupee devalued and economic reforms were forced upon India. That low point was the catalyst required to transform the economy through badly needed reforms to unshackle the economy. Controls started to be dismantled, tariffs, duties and taxes progressively lowered, state monopolies broken, the economy was opened to trade and investment, private sector enterprise and competition were encouraged and globalisation was slowly embraced. The reforms process continues today and is accepted by all political parties, but the speed is often held hostage by coalition politics and vested interests. SOCIAL REFORMS Agriculture: India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 16. % of the GDP in 2007, employed 60% of the total workforce and despite a steady decline of its share in the GDP, it is still the largest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of India. The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds after 1965 and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation known collectively as the Green Revolution, provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in India. Removing Socio- Economic Barriers: The biggest challenge in the period of LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) in 1991 was the removal of social and economic barriers, through a variety of measures which included family planning, economic welfare programmes, women empowerment initiatives, midday meal scheme, Rural Employment guarantee scheme, Compulsory Education, Union’s intervention in the State etc. Mixed Economy: India has adopted the concept of a mixed economy, in which both the private and public enterprises are given freedom to co-exist. Prior to 1991, the country was grappling itself with unwanted bureaucracy, which tried to hamper the growth in India leading widening gaps in the Indian culture. Population Conscious: A country with a billion marks in population has started to tread on a road in order to reduce the population. Families are encouraged to have 2-3 children, and the government is not too keen on an impenitent restriction in childbirth like China. Progressive Economy: India is a progressive economy, where emphasis is made on the people’s growth. All laws of the country are spearheaded to making India a better place for Indians to live in. Government controls have been reduced on foreign trade and investment; privatization of domestic output has proceeded slowly but steadily over the years. ECONOMIC REFORMS: India Inc s stupendous growth can be attributed to ‘ India Economic Reform ‘ earnest in July 1991. The balance of payments crisis opened the way for an International Monetary Fund (IMF) program that led to major ‘ India Economic Reform ‘. The foreign-exchange reserves recovered quickly and arrested the crisis related IMF and World Bank. Some of these factors which influenced the reforms were: Balance Of Payments Crisis: Balance of Payments crisis in 1991 pushed the country to near bankruptcy. In return for an IMF bailout, gold was transferred to London as collateral, the Rupee devalued and economic reforms were forced upon India. That low point was the catalyst required to transform the economy through badly needed reforms to unshackle the economy. Controls started to be dismantled, tariffs, duties and taxes progressively lowered, state monopolies broken, the economy was opened to trade and investment, private sector enterprise and competition were encouraged and globalization was slowly embraced. Revenue Deficit: India’s biggest problem arose out of the fact that it had huge revenue deficits. From 1950- 1980, the budget was characterized by Revenue surplus and Capital account deficits. The governments voluntarily allowed Revenue deficits use. It was caused by excessive employment in the government sector, mounting subsides, growing interest burden, unequal pricing of goods and services by the private sector. They tackled the problem by downsizing the employees in the public sector. Fiscal deficit: The measures to reduce the fiscal measures were started in 1991 – 1992. They initially reduced the fertilizer and food subsides. Then in 1995 the government reduced public expenditure in social welfare. Deficit Financing: The concept of printing currencies was curbed in tackling problems of Fiscal financing, which was in fact crippling the economy by the means of unwanted money supply. RBI’s measures: The RBI managed to control the money supply in India by Bank rate, Cash reserve ratio, and by Open market operation. Tax Reforms: †¢ Expanding the tax base by including the service sector. †¢ Reducing the rates of direct taxes in India †¢ Abolishing Export subsides †¢ Lowering import duties †¢ Value Added tax †¢ Tax incentives for Infrastructure and Exports Special Economic Zones: is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country’s typical economic laws. An SEZ is a trade capacity development tool, with the goal to promote rapid economic growth by using tax and business incentives to attract foreign investment and technology. Today, there are approximately 3,000 SEZs operating in 120 countries, which account for over US$ 600 billion in exports and about 50 million jobs. By offering privileged terms, SEZs attract investment and foreign exchange, spur employment and boost the development of improved technologies and infrastructure. There are 13 functional SEZs and about 61 SEZs, which have been approved and are under the process of establishment in India. The SEZ policy was first introduced in India in April 2000, as a part of the Export-Import (â€Å"EXIM†) policy of India. Considering the need to enhance foreign investment and promote exports from the country and realizing the need that level playing field must be made available to the domestic enterprises and manufacturers to be competitive globally Divestment: The government also started the process of divesting which is a way by which the government reduces its interest in assts for financial objectives. It is mostly done so that the companies would divulge their interests in its core businesses. Chinese Experience: The reforms in India’s foreign investment and external trade sectors followed the Chinese experience with external economic reforms. †¢ In the industrial sector, industrial licensing was cut, leaving only 18 industries subject to licensing. Industrial regulation was rationalized. †¢ Abolishing in 1992 the Controller of Capital Issues which decided the prices and number of shares that firms could issue. †¢ Introducing the SEBI Act of 1992 and the Security Laws (Amendment) which gave SEBI the legal authority to register and regulate all security market intermediaries. Starting in 1994 of the National Stock Exchange as a computer-based trading system which served as an instrument to leverage reforms of India’s other stock exchanges. The NSE emerged as India’s largest exchange by 1996. †¢ Reducing tariffs from an average of 85 percent to 25 percent, and rolling back quantitative controls. (The rupee was made convertible on trad e account. ) †¢ Encouraging foreign direct investment by increasing the maximum limit on share of foreign capital in joint ventures from 40 to 51 percent with 100 percent foreign equity permitted in priority sectors. Streamlining procedures for FDI approvals, and in at least 35 industries, automatically approving projects within the limits for foreign participation. †¢ Opening up in 1992 of India’s equity markets to investment by foreign institutional investors and permitting Indian firms to raise capital on international markets by issuing Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). †¢ Marginal tax rates were reduced. †¢ Privatization of large, inefficient and loss-inducing government corporations was initiated. FACTORS HAMPERING CHINA’S GROWTH: Low level of education The level of education is an area of concern, where the population is dominant of 30-40 age barrier which causes serious hampering in the economic growth. Language problem One of the main problems that the Chinese people facing is the language barrier. English language is not popular in china and the people in china are behind India in the language proficiency of English. So when they have trade between other countries, the medium of language becomes a problem for them. Poor living conditions One of China’s most serious problems is that over the past 50 years China’s leaders have constructed two China’s: a modern wealthy China and a backward rural poor China. This â€Å"house divided† is a major weakness in contemporary China and to unite this house into a major Asian power will take enormous effort and resources and may require decades to accomplish. Low level of institutional infrastructure and corporate governance: The government is primarily one where the government has maximum amount of control on almost any level of economy. So if greater autonomy is not given, the growth tends to be very slow. Necessity of skilled labor: Even though labor cost is perceived to be low, the skilled labor remains a serious question to be analyzed. The necessity skills are very much necessary in the sectors of manufacturing and industry. The country severely faces many problems with respect to skilled labor. FACTORS HAMPERING INDIA’S GROWTH: Poverty level: According to the a 2005 World Bank estimate, 42% (456 million Indians)of India’s falls below the international poverty line of $1. 5 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Rs. 21. 6 a day in urban areas and Rs 14. 3 in rural areas); having reduced from 60% in 1980. According to the criterion used by the Planning Commission of India 24. 5% of the population was living below the poverty line in 2006–2007, down from 51. 3% in 1977–1978, and 36% in 1993-1994 While poverty rates in India are high, they are not on a par with what neighboring Pakistan and Bangla desh experience. The main reasons for this are large population, and low literacy level. Lack of Resources Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. On the basis of origin, resources may be divided into: †¢ Biotic – Biotic resources are those obtained from the biosphere. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter. †¢ Abiotic – Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc. lack of hese resources makes a huge difference in the growth of India. So now India has to depend on renewable resources. On the basis of ownership, resources can be classified into: individual, community, national, and international Individual resources: Process Resources The following types of resources can execute an activity within a process. Tangible resource – Conventional resources like plants, equipments , IT infrastructure etc. Intangible resource – Increasingly important resource type including brands and patents and India is lacking these resources. Infrastructure A well-knit and coordinated system of transport plays an important role in the sustained economic growth of a country. India has a well-developed transport network comprising rail, road, coastal shipping, air transport etc. The commercialization of infrastructure is not progressing fast enough to provide decent living conditions to citizens at large. Lack of Capital Domestic demand in India is rising, but the country does not have the matching supply, making it essential for it to rely on foreign capital. India is in the early stages of a new economic cycle†¦ It offers a delectable mix of improving political backdrop, strong structural drivers of growth, and accelerating domestically-driven growth, Unlike China, India is a supply constraint and will have to continue relying on foreign capital†¦ Barring any dislocating effect of global events, foreign inflows should continue although at a slower pace. Political problems The main political problems t. hat India faces is the political instability in the country. The decisions which one political party has taken will be removed by the next government, which leads to instability in the process or activity which is on the way. And other problems are lack of visionary leader, who can lead the country to become a super power. CONCLUSION: Both the countries India and China will grow rapidly, taking a much larger share of global GDP. In both countries, the domestic market will become increasingly attractive to global companies. The division of labor between India and China will become blurred as both countries excel in services and manufacturing. Trade between India and China will expand, enabling companies in both countries to achieve critical mass. For global companies selling in these markets, this means more local competition. Both countries will create new world-class companies that will be competitive with companies based in the West. For some Western companies, this will create new challenges. Both countries, while remaining relatively poor, will experience rapid growth of the middle class, creating vast new opportunities for Western companies to sell in those markets. If the above challenges can be tackled in the perspective of both India and China’s growth, then surely we see both the country’s contribution in the world economy as significantly large. We firmly believe that India and China will become world super powers by 2025, but the question is who is first and who is second†¦ ———————– NITTE Meenakshi Institute of Technology ALBERT JACOB and JAISON JAMES KRISTU JAYANTI COLLEGE, BANGALORE getjaisonjames@gmail. com Emerging Markets in International Trade THEME International Business the World Economy – Issues and Innovations How to cite Emerging Markets in International Business, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Integration of Macroeconomics and Psychology

Question: Discuss about the Integration of Macroeconomics and Psychology. Answer: There exists a close linkage between management and economics, which have led to the growth of managerial economics. A manager requires to cover both macroeconomics and microeconomics as both are equivalent to make a decision as well as analyze a trade. Microeconomics deals with the concept of decision-making by a single customer and macroeconomics focus on the study of economy as a whole (Skott, 2014). Managerial economics on the other hand, applies microeconomic theory as well as techniques to take decision related to management. The managers and macroeconomic environment makes the quantitative data to make microeconomic decision. There are mostly two types of linkages that are used by managers and the macroeconomic environment to make a decision. The first type of linkage deals with forward linkage that helps a manager of a company to sell its commodities to a different company in a different sector. On the other hand, backward linkage deals with the procedure by which the manager of a company acquires its commodities from a different company in a different sector (Ehrenberg Smith, 2016). If a managers wish to raise the price of the commodity due to increase in the cost of production, the manager will scrutinize the price elasticity of demand for that particular commodity so that the increase in price is not followed by a considerable decrease in the demand of the commodity. Recession on the other hand, is described as two successive quarters of negative growth in Gross Domestic Product. In economics, recession is mostly described as a business cycle that leads general declination in the economic activities. It mostly takes place when there is an extensive decrease in expenditure. This may be triggered by several events that includes financial crisis as well as external trade shock. Recession mostly leads to unemployment as well as decline in income and slowdown in industrial production. With the decrease in sales and proceeds in a business, the manufacturers decrease the hiring of new workers and freeze employing entirely. In an effort to decrease cost and enhance the bottom line, the manufacturer will stop purchasing of new equipment (Greenglass et al., 2014). Expenditures for marketing and promoting may also be diminished. As a result, shareholders may also become upset and recession also leads to decrease of dividends. As a result, with decreased rev enue the distressed company will pay its own bills. This will also lead to restructure of debt that will lead to new terms agreed upon by creditors. However, if the debt of the company cannot be serviced, it can lead to bankruptcy. In that case, the Company will be undergoing either reorganization or it completely go out of business. Either the business will cut workers or they will make the work done by lesser people. This might lead to more productivity per worker however; morale may suffer with longer hours (Greenstone, Mas Nguyen, 2014). Governments mostly respond to recession by adopting expansionary macroeconomic policies that includes increase in money supply as well as increase in government expenditure. References Ehrenberg, R. G., Smith, R. S. (2016). Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Greenglass, E., Antonides, G., Christandl, F., Foster, G., Katter, J. K., Kaufman, B. E., Lea, S. E. (2014). The financial crisis and its effects: Perspectives from economics and psychology. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 50, 10-12. Greenstone, M., Mas, A., Nguyen, H. L. (2014). Do credit market shocks affect the real economy? Quasi-experimental evidence from the Great Recession and normaleconomic times (No. w20704). National Bureau of Economic Research. Skott, P. (2014). Pluralism, the Lucas critique, and the integration of macroeconomics and microeconomics. Review of Political Economy, 26(4), 503-515.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Roman Essays (2926 words) - Violence In Sports, Titus,

Roman Coliseum Architecture of the ancient Roman Empire is considered one of the most impressive of all time. The city of Rome once was home to more than one million residents in the early centuries AD1. The Romans had a fine selection of building monuments in the city of Rome including the forums for civic services, temples of worship, and amphitheaters for recreation and play. The Romans made great use and pioneered great architecture mechanisms including arches, columns, and even mechanical elements in pulleys and early elevators. However, when one tends to think of great buildings, one building stands out in Rome. This building is the Flavian Amphitheatre, or better known as the Colosseum. When discussing such a great monument such as the Colosseum, it is very important to realize the time, place, and culture in wish it stood to fully understand both its form and function. In the beginnings, Rome was both influenced by the Etruscans of the North and Greeks of Italy and South but had its basic roots from a long time of Samnite domination2. The Etruscans were that of an interesting type as described by Peter Quennell: The Etruscans...combined a passionate devotion to the ordinary pleasures of life with a haunting fear of death. They were cruel, too, and deeply superstitious...their victims were ordered to fight among themselves until the last had fallen. The Etruscans would have a strong impression in Roman lifestyles and philosophies. For example, the purple robe worn by leaders would be later adopted by the Romans. They also were the influence which brought gladiatorial battles of sacrifice into the Roman culture. This was a time of blood thirsty humans who loved the site of battle. Even an early christian named Alypius proclaimed that he "took away with him a mad passion which prodded him not only to return (to gladatior events) with those by whom he had first been forced in, but even ahead of them and dragging in others."3 This was a time of paganism, which meant sacrifice and death. Early christians were persecuted for their beliefs in the first few centuries. Clearly in Rome, the focus was not only on religion or the emporer, but we have a focus on leisure and activities. It is said that of a three-hundred and sixty-five day year that one-hundred and fifty days were celebrated as regular holidays, with over ninety days given up to games4. This type of lifestyle would dominate the cities and architecture of the Romans for some time to come. The people of Rome enjoyed theatres, battles, races, baths, comical events, and of course the game of death. There were many forums, temples, and many amphitheaters in the history of Rome, however only a few stand out even today. The Colosseum is the greatest standing building of Rome, and one of the most recognized worldwide architectural achievements to this day. The amphitheater is a type of architecture that was without Greek precedents. This makes sense since its primary purpose was to hold gladitiator fights and brutal shows which were banned in Athens at the time. Such events held in Roman amphitheaters were horseracing, gymnastics, mock cavalry battles, footraces, prizefighting, wrestling, fights between animals, between men, animals and men, and even naumachiae, or mock sea battles5. One of the first amphitheaters was the Pompeian amphitheater of Pompeii of 30 BC. Like the Colosseum, it was oval in plan. It was supported on great masses of solid earth pierced by a broad corridor at each end. Stone seats were added at one time but most spectators sat on the earth or wooden chairs. Although this amphitheater was a great innovation, it would be eclipsed by the Flavian Amphitheater, better known as the Colosseum. The great building although fitting and plain in design to its surroundings of Rome still stood out due to its sheer monstrosity and oval shape. Although the site viewed today is still a marvel, back in the days of its prime it was a spectacular site that would be difficult to apprehend with only words[TVK1]. [TVK2] The city which held the great structure was full of great examples of the use of arches, columns from every order, and of course sheer size. When traveling the city to the Colosseum the whole area had been paved and railed off. The approach was taken by cobbled slabs of lava, and then one entered an area paved with travertine more than five thousand feet wide and surrounded by huge boundary stones6. To a spectator at the time the Colosseum from the outside is

Monday, November 25, 2019

The Industry Partnership Office of National University-Manila Essays

The Industry Partnership Office of National University-Manila Essays The Industry Partnership Office of National University-Manila Essay The Industry Partnership Office of National University-Manila Essay We appreciate your trust and may we therefore, make a follow-up support for clear details of our cause. Thus, may we endorse to your good Office three of our applying students, GLYNN B. TING, KATE R. EVANGELISTA and CHRIS JESUS G. PAGADDU for your internship accommodation with their corresponding schedule details. Total Hours to Obtain 240 hours Date of Affectivity : OJT Period starts November 18 until 1st week of February Rendered Days Time : Monday to Friday (except on a Wednesday) 8 PM- 4:00 PM Please fill-up our evaluation sheet enclosed herewith which we shall collect a week before the OJT period ends for documentation reports and file purposes. Sincerely, DULCE D. GARCIA Head, Industry Partnership Office Head, Alumni Affairs External Relations Office This Institution Dear Sir/Maam: Greetings from National U. The Industry Partnership Office of National University-Manila promotes the growth and success of the students by providing them the opportunity to achieve competency in the core discipline of their courses and by encouraging them to obtain practical experience through internship and on-the-Job training towards possible Job placement as well. We recognize that maintaining strong relationships through internships provide our students with wide variety of activities that offer exposure to he current application tools and techniques at a workplace. In this regard, we are requesting your reputable company to accommodate our students as interns or who may already be considered for Job placement. Thus, details of the schedule shall follow for your conformity and for the formal endorsement of our intern(s). We are looking forward to a fruitful partnership with you. Thank you so much. Sincerely, Stephanie Garcia Head, Industry Partnership Alumni Affairs

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Short Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short Case Study - Essay Example The ceiling also had wet patches which is a sign of poor maintenance. The ceiling condition was questionable since it has been intact for several years since its installation. Possible causes of the incident can be generalized to give countless reasons. They may include; poor quality of ceiling material, poor maintenance, poor roofing and ceiling installation and the negligence of the symptoms and risks caused by the ceiling conditions. Since root analysis is a team work option, the senior members of the organization would not have known until the leaking incident in the boardroom. The staffs at large carry the responsibility of good working conditions on their shoulder. To avoid future incidences, the replacement of the ceiling is highly recommended. To keep the risk at bay, replacement of all old ceiling in the organization should also be done. Since the boardroom is an activity filled room, maintenance will have it fixed as the replacement preparations are structured to avoid any inconveniences. To resolve a crisis or to attain an objective, one does not require the knowledge to all the solutions in advance, but you have to have an apparent idea of the crisis or the objective you want to attain (Hammon, Keeney & Raiffa,

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Th_ Correlation B_tw__n Attendance Patterns And Math Scores of 10th Dissertation

Th_ Correlation B_tw__n Attendance Patterns And Math Scores of 10th grade High School Students In New York - Dissertation Example Likewise, for Grade 10 mathematics specific to New York State. This study will take two main methodological approaches, first, the correlative method and second, a regression analysis. Both methods will approach the connection between the two variables in question in order to determine whether or not the effect of absenteeism has the same impact as it does on other disciplines and at other grade levels. Both the correlative method and the regressive analysis will also be applied to a number of variables associated with absenteeism. Can it be said that the causes of absenteeism are the very same for low academic results? Likewise, which among the variables can be said to be the most significant among the different correlations related to absenteeism. Is there one variable which stands out amongst all of the others? This question too will be addressed through the correlative method alongside a regression analysis. In the second half of this analysis, this study will look at some of the limitations of the study. It will be argued that OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the following is to establish a methodology in order to determine whether there is a correlation between attendance and achievement in Grade 10 mathematics among students in New York State. ... The following will outline the basic methods for investigation which will be the correlation method – that is, a correlation between achievement and absenteeism. Second, the main methodological approach will be a regression analysis. This will take into consideration further variables including those which contribute to absenteeism. Finally, this analysis will turn to some of the limitations of the proposed study. It will be maintained that some of the main problems with the study in question, concerns some ethical considerations around race and ethnicity, and in turn, the consequences of the study. It will be maintained that while the approach to the study is fairly straight forward in methodological terms, there are some limitations in regard to the subject matter and how the very sensitive issue of race and ethnicity is dealt with in the analysis. METHODOLOGY. CORRELATIVE METHOD: Correlation is the linear relationship that defines two succinct variables, and the coefficient is the measure or relationship between the two variables expressed in a numerical term. In the present study, the main variables to consider as correlates are 'attendance' and 'achievement' in the subject of mathematics. The value of such a correlation coefficient lies somewhere between the integers of +1 and -1 which are positive and negative coefficients respectively, and they both represent a perfect positive or negative coefficient. That is, a coefficient of -1 is a perfect negative correlation and +1 is a perfect positive correlation [Cohen, Manion & Morrison, 2005 p. 193]. Phrased in different terms, if an analysis produces either coefficient there is a conclusive relationship defined by the coefficients in question,

Monday, November 18, 2019

Accounting project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Accounting project - Essay Example considerably ‘greener’ alternative in the form of a hydrocarbon solvent, with a view that we can emulate the success that firms in the several states of United States and Europe have had by following a strategy from an ethical standpoint. Hydrocarbon alternatives have 90% fewer emissions into the environment, greater efficiency, and thus positive benefits for employees, and consumers alike. The company and its service has several uniqueness’s, these are as discussed below: The company will be started off in three different locations. The organisational structure and the decision making of the company will be centralised, i.e. all the decision making for major issues will be handled by the head office and chair person. The company will be set up in three different locations of which the head quarters will be in Abu Dhabi. The other two locations include Mumbai (India) and Cardiff (UK). All major decisions will be made by the chairman. The Abu Dhabi branch being the head quarters will include the main heads of operations, finance, HR, and marketing, will be responsible to handle the entire process across the three locations. The organisational structure of the company will be as illustrated below: a) Finance and HR Head: The finance and HR head will be located in Abu Dhabi and the accountants of the other two locations will be answerable here. All recruitments and weekly accounts need to be sent to the Head quarters and to be checked by the Finance head to ensure all the finances are in order. The finance head will also be responsible to manage the daily finances of the Abu Dhabi branch. b) Operations Head: The operations head will be located in Abu Dhabi and will be responsible to manage the customers as well as the operations staff including the drivers and the assistant. The operations head will also be responsible to mange the staff of the other two locations as well and will need to get daily reports for the activities from time the employees clocked

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Challenge of motivating employees

The Challenge of motivating employees Challenge of motivating employees Organization has been deemed to be the strength of any viable business. The more organized and efficient the different components in the business are, the better it functions. The breaking down of tasks associated with each component in a particular organizational system has now led to the concept of job design or performance charters. Motivation is simply a process which encourages and guides behavior. Robbins and Judge define motivation as, â€Å"the process that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal†. Motivation therefore, is a goal directed behavior with factors which energize, direct and sustain employee behavior. Laurie J. Mullins (2007) states that, â€Å"the relationship between the organization and its employees is influenced by what motivates them to work, the rewards involved and the fulfillment they derive from it†. Employees today are motivated by various things of which some are considered as a needed entity or as a desired. Worldwide, organizations have focused on theories that motivate employees to be the best they can be and most of these theories of motivation have proved to be true to date. Since motivational theories were formulated in the 1950s, they have been divided into two categories; Content theories Process theories Content theories are said to be, â€Å"what motivates people† further explained as what arouses, energizes, or simply starts behavior, i.e. individual physiological and psychological needs and this focus is on internal needs. Motivation results from an individuals attempts to satisfy these needs. 1. Maslows Hierarchy of needs states that; Adult motives are complex Needs form a hierarchy lower needs to be satisfied before higher order needs People always seek growth because they want to move up the hierarchy of needs Research evidence in the Maslows Hierarchy of need theories has been said to be; Flexible hierarchy of needs Satisfaction of one need level may not decrease its importance and increase importance of the next need level It has also been found that needs vary according to; The size of the organization A persons career stage Geographical location Across cultures By employing Maslows Hierarchy of needs, several managerial implications exist; Physiological needs food and wages Safety needs a working environment that is safe as well as job security Social needs opportunity to interact, teamwork Esteem needs recognition, challenging tasks, status symbols and participation Self-actualization encourages creativity and innovation 2. Herzbergs two factor theory encompasses dual factor motivation-hygiene as it portrays two different factors. Hygiene factors: related to the context of the job Motivational factors: related to the content of the job Research in the 1950 Herzbergs two factor theory asked people to describe situations in which they found their job exceptionally good or bad. Research conclusion; Job satisfaction intrinsic factors. Builds high level of motivation and stimulates superior performance. Dissatisfaction extrinsic factors. Environmental as well as external factors to the job build a zero level of motivation if maintained. Herzbergs two factor theory research evidence also states that the theory fails to; Account for individual differences Link motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance Consider cultural and professional differences 3. Alderfers ERG theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer and his theory collapses Maslows five categories into three categories: existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. ERG theory states that more than one need category may be activated at the same time. Existence needs the desire for physiological and material well-being Relatedness needs desire to satisfy interpersonal relationships Growth needs desire for continued personal growth and development The ERG theory research evidence is encouraging because it offers a more flexible approach to understanding human needs. The comparison of content theories is very interesting to analyze as it gives a more precise breakdown of theories put together. Figure 1 below is a depiction of all three theories put together. Herzberg Maslow Alderfer Higher order Intrinsic Needs Motivation Lower order Extrinsic Needs Motivation Process theories are focused on the cognitive process that influences behavior, i.e. Why an individual behaves in a particular manner and specifically deals with ‘how to motivate. This process illustrates how people choose behaviors to satisfy their needs. Victor Vrooms expectancy theory states that a persons motivation is a multiplicative function of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy is the probability assigned by an individual that work effort will be followed by a given level of task accomplishment. -Instrumentality is the probability assigned by an individual that a given level of achieved task performance will lead to various work outcomes. -Valence is defined as the value attached by an individual to various work outcomes. Vrooms expectancy theory has various implications as regards motivation. -Motivation is sharply reduced when expectancy, instrumentality or valence approach zero. -Motivation is high when expectancy and instrumentality are high and valence is strongly positive. The expectancy theory has been seen to have managerial implications where as managers should be seen to act to maximize expectancies, instrumentalities and valence that support various organizational objectives. Research evidence on the expectancy theory has received substantial empirical support though the multiplier effect is subject to some question. It may also be useful to distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. The expectancy theory does not specify which rewards will motivate particular groups of employees thereby allowing for cross-cultural differences. Lastly, the Porter Lawler model tries to establish a relationship between the efforts, performance and satisfaction of an individual. The most important variables in this model include effort, performance, rewards and satisfaction. In todays digital age, a large number of employees are well educated to some acceptable standard and for that most demand a reasonable salary as well as worthwhile working conditions. As motivation has conformed to some socially acceptable standards of behavior, it has been assumed to be an individual perspective. Every individual is unique because we have different desires, potential, values, goals and attitudes. The most important aspect that most employees are concerned with is their needs and wants. Todays managers have a challenge or the opportunity to influence the motivation of their employees through the design of their performance charters. Well outlined performance charters help accomplish two important goals: getting the necessary work done in a timely and competent manner, motivating and challenging employees. Both the organization as well as the employee is a beneficiary of a successfully done performance charter. Performance charter is the specification of the contents, methods and the counter relationship of jobs to fulfill organizational requirements. Mostly, employees are motivated when they are lead to accomplishments of which they can proud whilst recognizing what they have done. Warren Blank (2001) states that, â€Å"a motivational environment enables people to feel like winners†. Todays performing managers have the responsibility of designing employee performance charters. If a manager ignores this responsibility, employees will definitely design their own. It wouldnt be a surprise to see that performance charters designed by employees are more likely to be adjusted to their experiences and preferences than to the goals of the organization. It has been said once before that you cannot motivate anyone but you can provide the environment in which they can grow to their full potential. Management by objectives (MBO), â€Å"is a style or system of management that attempts to relate organizational goals to individual performance and development through the involvement of all levels of management†, encompasses time period with feedback as well as goal progression. According to Laurrie J. Mullins, the phrase ‘Management by Objectives (MBO) was first introduced by Peter Drucker in 1954 as a strategy for managing people whilst focusing on teamwork based on their ability to complete individual as well as team goals. MBOs have been seen to be effective as it helps in the alignment of an employees efforts around an organizations collective objectives. The MBO process begins with an organization defining its objectives. This is where the process of strategic planning, goal setting, visioning which generates from its process a set of objectives that the organization should always strive to achieve. The main principal underlining Management by Objectives is mainly to create empowered employees who will have clarity of the roles and responsibility expected from them, and once the objectives set are understood, it helps in the achievement of personal as well as organizational goals. Some advantages of MBO include specifically ‘clarity of goals. With clarity of goals, came the birth of SMART goals concept which Intel Specific various key factors should be present in the set objectives for them to be effective. This is where the word ‘specific is outlined because this simply describes specifically the desired results. Measurable This simply states that the objectives should be clear as to whether the objectives were met. Achievable when objectives are set, it should be seen that they are achievable. Realistic Realistic objectives in its own right is explained as goals or objectives that can be achieved coupled with the tools at an employees disposal to achieve the said objectives. Time based time based simply means a set objective has a time frame attached to it which acts as a guideline. SMART objectives ensure the delivery of greater results because they clearly and specifically address performance goals rather than broad emotions or behaviors. This concept also requires that objectives are created in collaboration with supervisors so as to be aware of their subordinates goals and supportive of their completion as well as ongoing tracking and feedback in the process to reach desired objectives. As noted in Robbins and judge, â€Å"MBO popularity should not be construed to mean that it always works†. This is normally as a result of lack of commitment by management as well as the inability in allocation of rewards based on accomplished objectives. Management by Objectives therefore, can be as a process of determining exactly what an employee is to do on the job, the tasks, duties, responsibilities, decision-making and the level of authority. The challenge being faced by managers now is that of employing the new strategies with all its opportunities in ways which not only meet an organizations needs but also the expectations as well as aspirations of the employees. Dennys Restaurant review Leadership Qualities â€Å"If you can become the leader you ought to be on the inside, you will be able to become the person you want on the outside. People will want to follow you, and when that happens you will be able to tackle anything in this world.† John Maxwell We at Dennys are constantly striving to identify quality minority and women businesses to support the needs of our company. Because we see diversity as an asset, we will attract and develop talent from the full range of the worlds rich cultural base. Dennys Vision mission. Despite having a clearly stated vision and mission, its management failed to publicly communicate the causes of the discrimination incidences they were amassed with as well as the actions Dennys management was taking to counter check the reoccurrence of those incidents. A leader is said to be an individual with suitable knowledge and desirable skills to lead groups to achieve their goals willingly. It is noted in Lasting Leadership that, â€Å"the spirit of the people† is a big part of what management experts mean when they talk about corporate culture. The beliefs and values that guide employee behavior can improve performance by motivating workers toward a common goal and instilling in them a sense of purpose. There are several indicators, which can help us to outline the strength of our leadership. The most important leadership quality that one needs to exhibit in todays world is ‘honesty. A leader should always be honest to his task, his products or services, his people and most importantly to his customers. This quality of leadership should not only exist but also should be seen to exist in by all stakeholders in the organization. John C. Maxwell in an extract of his book by George Wells states that, â€Å"while leaders need to connect publicly with large groups of people, the same thing needs to happen on a one-to-one basis between individuals. Maxwell tells how his staff used to groan when he would say People dont care how much you know until they know how much you care because he quoted the saying so often, but it is true. You develop credibility with people when you connect with them and show that you genuinely want to help them. Everybody wants to be somebody† If you treat every person you meet as if he or she were the most important person in the world, youll communicate that he or she is somebody to you. Of course, the respect needs to be genuine at all times otherwise people will rapidly sense that they are being manipulated otherwise. Dennys Restaurant management should have been able to realize that customer complaints are company failures and these require immediate attention. Ultimately, spending money in hopes of making money is an organizations goal but every dollar paid out to offset various customers who were dissatisfied is a signal that an organization must change in some decisive way. The Vidsoft Triangle Every little thing we do has positive, negative or neutral impact on teams motivation. Vidsoft case is one among the few companies that come across case of team based management problems that are faced by employees. Analysis of Vidsoft Vidsoft technologies was an internet company designing enterprise software and in June 1999, its quarterly revenues grew from $50M to over $250M year ending 2000 while employee base rose from 500 to 2,000. Babatunde graduated from Darden graduate of business administration in may 1998. He moved to California to get a job with Vidsoft technologies as senior technical support engineer. Alex Hsu was employed as technical support engineer and reported directly to babatunde. Even though Hsu was not good at team work, he was hired to bring varied culture as well as experience to vidsoft due to his previous record Babatunde made a public decision of promoting one of his engineers to be manager. Hsu reported some displeasure about his new supervisor Jennah Li as she was deemed to be an inexperienced manager and babatunde was unsure of what decision to make as he was the overall among the two despite having fears about taking sides. Keith Nash as CEO of vidsoft developed a culture that encourages its employees to speak their minds as excellence of employees was followed with promotions. Vidsoft as an organization encouraged teamwork and thus were awarded bonuses for collectively working together. Keith Nash believed in the culture of promoting from within as a motivational tool for employees until after vidsoft went public because this brought a mass influx of talent as well as wages became high. Vidsoft ended up falling back on its employees in terms of hiring due to costs so as to train them to keep up with the pace. Babatunde initially employed a micro-management style of management where he kept a close eye on all his employees in hopes that his team succeeds but this had to change as employee numbers rose. He then changed his style of management by using set objectives for each team to achieve desired goals. As babatundes responsibilities grew, he saw it necessary to change his reporting structure to reduce the number of people reporting to him so to manage more effectively. This led to him promoting one of his engineers ‘Jennah Li to manage one of the product lines. Jennah Li in regards to Hsu was hired for her skills in managing customer relations despite English not being her strength; she was awarded for being the best team player. In vidsofts operational history, White was one of the first employers to run the technical support department and set stringent goals to be met by his fellow employees. He took an active role in ensuring that any team under his command did well to meet his standards. James White made a decision to hire babatunde because of his MBA training and trusted him to an extent of giving him all powers to make various decisions affecting the organization with his guidance. THE SOLUTION Babatunde at this point should be able to realize that workplace conflicts and unresolved differences can be the cause of negative performance of teams or generally employees. Furthermore, existing physical and psychological differences can escalate if conflict remains unaddressed by vidsoft managers as well as team members. From the onset, babatunde was aware that Hsu was not a team player and this should have been a starting point of making things clear to him that for him to succeed, he had to work in collaboration with other team members. It was observed that being a team player for Hsu as observed is a road he hasnt travelled and requires some skill and effort from babatunde. Hsu should be made to realize that teamwork is about assuming positive intent and seeing things from all sides in detail. Everyone has unique gifts and abilities. Recognizing these and appreciating them can be very useful especially in the case of two people with different skills because they can complement each other very powerfully when they work together. Its about acknowledging and accepting differences, and exploring alternative solutions that meet everyones needs and concerns as it is important to everyone, and all sides ‘Hsu and Ali need to be committed to the solution. Both parties should agree that the goal is to fix the problem not to assign blame, hurt, humiliate, or threaten the one another. Babatundes job now is to focus on the issue, present and future, and on solutions available. They should be made aware that the situation must change and identify consequences if it does not. Keith Nash as CEO of Vidsoft should make things clear from the onset of employment that individuals are different at times as regards to each others needs. Sometimes workplace issues are evaded or ignored completely but generally, this is not a useful long term solution as the workplace is never small enough to avoid someone completely. Some guidelines should be put in place to for conflict resolution. Every employee upon being taken under vidsoft should be made aware that; Conflict and grievances are present within the workplace Improved communication within the workplace will avoid conflicts Establish performance expectations and consequences if expectations are not met. Lastly Vidsoft should have a written resolution and agreement regarding behavior within the workplace which should be adhered by both the employer as well as the employee. Babatunde should provide the leadership that enables his teams to productively work together and as much as possible, work with employees individually and encourage them to address the conflict directly with each other.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Comparing and Contrasting the Movie and Natalie Babbitts Book Entitled

Do you know a book called Tuck Everlasting which is written by Natalie Babbitt existed in this world? It is a very interesting novel with a very sad ending. It’s a story about a girl, who discovered a very dangerous secret about a particular spring water. When you drink the water, it makes you immortal. A movie on this book was produced later on. Things change when you have to audition something that is written. And so, the movie Tuck Everlasting was very different from the book Tuck Everlasting. Winnie Foster, a ten-year-old girl, discovered a very dangerous secret about the spring water in the woods her parents owned. She found out that if the spring water is drunk, it makes one immortal. Winnie didn’t understand what it was like being immortal, until she met the Tucks, who had drunk from the spring water and had become immortal. She wanted to be immortal too, but they talked her out of it, except for Jesse Tuck. Jesse and Winnie liked each other very much. Jesse wanted Winnie to drink the spring water so that she could be immortal and could live with him forever. Jesse told her to drink the spring water when she gets a little older because Winnie was too young to drink it now. Winnie agreed. But in the movie, she turned out to be a fifteen-year-old young adult. So Winnie didn’t need to wait to drink the spring water. It was very surprising to see Winnie as a teenager when we all imagined her being a little kid. Because she was a little girl in the book, immortality was the main thing that was going on. But she was about fifteen years old in the movie, which changed the whole meaning of the book Tuck Everlasting. A movie which was supposed to be about immortality was turned into a romantic film. Winnie Foster and Jesse Tuck ... ...head. When he got to the Tucks house, he told them that he was taking Winnie away and that he bought the Fosters’ woods. Mae was so angry that she killed him. The constable arrived, just in time to see Mae doing that. So, in the book, Mae got into jail but in the movie, both Mae and her husband, Angus, got into jail. Winnie wanted to help them get out of jail. She succeeded in freeing them but used different methods for the book and the movie. So in the book, Mae got into jail but in the movie, both Mae and her husband, Angus, got into jail. Winnie helped them get out of jail but used different methods to free them. I like the reading book better than watching the movie because there are more facts in the book than the movie. Maybe I just like reading books better than watching movies. That’s my opinion. What’s yours (if you’ve read the book and seen the movie)?

Monday, November 11, 2019

Spending Time with Friends/Spending Time with Family

Can you imagine your life without your family or your friends? Well, whether you agree or disagree, human beings instinctively tend to socialize with others. However, who would you spend more time with, is it your family or your friends? As we know we can’t live without either our families or our friends because they represent a huge part of our lives. In this essay we will compare and contrast between spending time with family and spending time with friends in terms of attitude, places and discussions. No one can deny that attitudes differ between spending time with family and spending time with friends. When we spend time with our families we tend to be intimate, gentle and responsible. Even our behavior is appropriate and our acts are limited. For instance, when we go out with our family to a movie or to a dinner, we won't be able to act foolish and we will be restrained from doing exciting stuff; as our actions will be judged by our family members. But when we hang out with our friends we feel less intimate, more crazy, and liberated , also our behavior becomes frizzy and we act our ages or even younger . For example, with our friends we can tell funny jokes to each other, knowing that none of them will be insulted or degraded because friends tend not to take things seriously. So that’s how our attitude differs. The places we hang out with family and friends are also different. The places where you head to with your family are calm, and not crowded, such as beaches, parks, family restaurants and family resorts. The places that we go to with our family to spend some quality time together. On the other hand the places where we go to with our friends are more crowded and full of life like; movie theatres, shopping malls and night clubs. With friends we go to places that allow us to have fun and enjoy our time as much as possible. That's how the places that we go with our family and friends are different. Another difference is that the topics that you discuss with our family and the ones that we discuss with our friends are dissimilar. For instance, with your family you talk about what happened with you when you were in a particular place on a particular day. Also, you discuss more mature topics that benefit you like; how to manage time, which university to apply for, how to invest your pocket money and open an account in the bank so that you can use it in emergencies, how to solve complicated problems and many other things that are beneficial for you. By contrast, with your friends you discuss topics that you have common interest in, such as; fashion, movies, study, work, simple problems and other things that may be immature and non beneficial for you. And that’s how the discussions contrast among family and friends. Finally, our attitude differs from being with our families than being with our friends similarly with the places that we visit or the topics that we discuss. However, it’s the undeniable fact that we can never live without our families or our friends.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

12 Ways to Make Money Without a Job

12 Ways to Make Money Without a Job You don’t have a job at present. And, for whatever reason, you don’t want one. But you do need to make some money. Whether you’re out to try and earn $100k income while sitting at your desk,  or just pick up a few dollars to pay the bills when you need to, there are dozens of opportunities for you to make money without a job and bring in some extra bucks. Some of these jobs are web-based, others are merely odd jobs or out-of-the-box strategies, but either way, the internet is your friend. Use it to sell yourself and whatever skill or service you would like to use to generate income. You can’t afford to be squeamish about self-promotion, particularly in the freelance market where income disparities are a reality.If you’re in a situation where you’re looking to make money without a job, and you’re willing to hustle a little more around the edges to compensate for income stability, then the following 12  ideas might be something to co nsider.1. Sell or Rent Your StuffSecondhand, or â€Å"used†/†unique† items are all the rage these days. Go through your house or apartment for anything you just don’t need or use anymore and sell it on eBay or Amazon or Gumtree. Then look at your space itself. If you have an extra room, or you’re planning to go on vacation, consider renting out some or all of your space on Airbnb. If you live in a busy city, you could even rent out your parking space.2. Fill Out SurveysIt is actually possible to earn money by filling out online surveys. Compensation will vary, and might not ever be substantial, but lumping a bunch of these jobs together can add up. Start with a platform like MySurvey.net, which pays in gift cards. Look to other platforms if you prefer to be paid in cash.3. Ghost ShopLove shopping and being critical? Trying to find defects and keeping a keen eye out for details? Start applying on MysteryShopping.com if this appeals to you. Your report s after visiting shops, restaurants, hotels, etc. will be used to grade employees’ performance- and, hopefully, will improve future shoppers’ experiences.4. Publish on KindleYou don’t need to go the traditional publishing route to sell your books and earn money for your writing. Use Amazon’s Kindle platform to self-publish ebooks you’ve written. The sky’s the limit.5. Sell Stock PhotosEver try to use a stock photo and realize you have to pay a (sometimes hefty) fee? Get yourself set up with a site like Shutterstock, load your photos, and get paid when people use them. It’s possible to make a decent salary this way, even to break six figures!6. Invest (Legally) in PotNow that marijuana is legal in certain states, there are opportunities for you to do a bit of long-game gambling, if you’re so inclined and can afford the risk. Cash in on the craze by investing in marijuana-related stocks.7. Buy BitcoinUse sites like CoinBase and b uy a small amount to start. The biggest gains in Bitcoin may be gone, but you can monitor how your investment grows, then keep your eyes out for the next hottest cryptocurrency and get in on the ground floor.8. Sell BooksUse a site like BookScouter to see what the highest market rate might be for any given book- either your old paperback, or some bargain book you picked up in a used bookstore. Then sell it online for as much of a profit as the market will allow.9. Participate in Mock TrialsLawyers often need to test their cases out to get a sense of how they’ll go in court. Get paid to be part of a mock jury on sites like eJury  or  Online Verdict.10. Design ShirtsT-shirt design is, rather surprisingly, a bit of an emerging industry on the internet. Use different sites like Threadless, DesignbyHumans, or  TeeSpring  to make your designs. The company will set you a price and a sales goal, and the company will pay you, depending on how you do and how many shirts you sel l. If you have the chops to drive up sales without alienating all of your friends, this could be a great gig for you.11. Betatest or Review SoftwareEver wonder how companies work out the kinks and bugs in their software? Ever wonder who gets paid for this kind of work? Well, it could be you. Go to SoftwareJudge or Utest or Erli Bird, and get started. You can easily make $10 per hour or more doing what might actually be fun work.12. Donate Your Eggs or SpermThis one isn’t for the faint of heart or health, but it is perhaps one of the most lucrative options. If you’re selected for sperm donation, you can make up to $40 per donation. Eggs are much more complicated (and painful) to harvest, and require a significant physical commitment. But you could make anywhere from $3-$200,000 per donation, depending on your location and the quality of your eggs.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Religion or woman right to chose essays

Religion or woman right to chose essays More than 200 diverse religious groups in the United States have different and mutually inconsistent views about abortion. But do religious views about abortion should interfere with our constitution and women rights. The Roman Catholic Church declares abortion to be immoral. Other Roman Catholics want to explore and advocate tolerance towards abortion. Within the Jewish tradition there are two views. In the Orthodox Judaism, abortion considered killing a human being. Conservative Jewish have amore liberal approach to abortion. Even though abortion is a controversial subject among various religions. Thousands of women every year all over the world get an abortion. Regardless to their religious believes, woman find a lot of reasons to do it. The strict Roman Church feels that abortion is the worst moral sine that can occur in womens life. They believe that the fetus is a complete human being and killing it equals to a cold bloody murder. The Episcopal Church declared their support for womens rights over their own bodies. They gave their full improvement to a freedom of choice for persons decision regarding pregnancy. At first the Episcopal Church felt about the pregnancy as the Roman Catholic Church. But over the years they changed there mind looking upon the difficulties that woman have to go trough regarding unwanted pregnancy. In the Jewish tradition, there is a considerable agreement that the fetus is not a person before birth and that abortion therefore is a murder and may be permitted. Even so, different branches of Judaism view abortion differently, like the Orthodox who feels that the feels is a whole human being and if it is healthy there is no reason to kill it. Given the dramatically contrasting religious views about whether and when abortion is permitted or required, puts our constitution between the rock and the hard place. People disa ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Graphic Organizer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Graphic Organizer - Assignment Example Object knowledge is far more important that world knowledge, and must be the focus of education, the primary emphasis on the curriculum must first be Greek, Latin and Grammar, wherein the learning of object knowledge will be facilitated properly (Chandra, Chandra and Sharma 46) The primary aim of education is for the natural development of the child’s abilities and powers, education is also primarily for survival, curriculum must be designed according to the four different stages in life (infancy, childhood, adolescence, youth), learning must be derived not primarily orally, but from self-experience and doing (Chandra, Chandra and Sharma 79) Education is the primary means for the social continuity of the life of citizens in a society, education is a necessity on order for society to move forward, is a proponent of the idea of Educational Progressivism, opposed authoritarian approach to modern education   Founder of Montessori method, formulated a new pedagogy wherein there would be instruction for 3 year old age groups, children are viewed as competent learners deserved to be taught, child observation is to be the basis of curriculum development, especially in a controlled environment   Theorized the banking concept of education, advocate for a critical pedagogy wherein students and ;earners must use education as a ground for freedom and liberation, and not for the preservation of status

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Recommendation lettter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recommendation lettter - Essay Example I would also recommend him because he has excellent emotional intelligence in dealing with learners of diverse races and ethnicities. It is a phenomenon that was apparent particularly in graduate project where he conducted some research on African-Americans and Latinos and discovered that they excel on sciences than arts. Amongst my graduate students, he was the best and his presentation during one of the education conference organized by the university equally revealed his analytical skills and vast knowledge on educational policies. It means if accepted in the field of education, he shall bring immense wealth of knowledge, skills, and professional acumen to improve education standards in the country. I am, therefore, requesting your office to accept this student because his past experiences in the education field is an invaluable addition that cannot be ignored. In case of further inquiries, please correspond with me promptly in the given